Positive association between concentration of phthalate metabolites in urine and microparticles in adolescents and young adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;2. School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;3. Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualian County 970, Taiwan;4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;5. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;6. Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;7. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;9. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualian County 970, Taiwan;10. Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;11. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;12. National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;1. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;2. Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, China;3. Shanghai Entry–Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, China |
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| Abstract: | Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been used worldwide in various products for many years. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to DEHP and its metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) induces endothelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, exposure to DEHP had been linked to cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. Circulating microparticles have been known to be indicators of vascular injury. However, whether DEHP or its metabolites are independently associated with microparticles in humans remains unknown. From 2006 to 2008, we recruited 793 subjects (12–30 years) from a population-based sample to participate in this cardiovascular disease prevention examination. Each participant was subjected to interviews and biological sample collection to determine the relationship between concentrations of DEHP metabolites MEHP, mono(ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethly-5-oxoheyl) phthalate in urine and concentrations of endothelial microparticles (CD62E and CD31 +/CD42a −), platelet microparticles (CD62P and CD31 +/CD42a +), and CD14 in serum. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that an ln-unit increase in MEHP concentration in urine was positively associated with an increase in serum microparticle counts/μL of 0.132 (± 0.016) in CD31 +/CD42a − (endothelial apoptosis marker), 0.117 (± 0.023) in CD31 +/CD42a + (platelet apoptosis marker), and 0.026 (± 0.007) in CD14 (monocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil activation marker). There was no association between DEHP metabolite concentration and CD62E or CD62P. In conclusion, a higher MEHP concentration in urine was associated with an increase in endothelial and platelet microparticles in this cohort of adolescents and young adults. Further studies are warranted to clarify the causal relationship between exposure to DEHP and atherosclerosis. |
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