Urinary concentrations of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in residents of a vegetarian community |
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| Institution: | 1. Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Israel;2. Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany;3. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel;4. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel;5. Braude College, Karmiel, Israel;6. Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel;1. Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Natural Medicine Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China;2. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, Qinghai, PR China;3. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China;4. College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, Taian 271018, PR China;1. CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C4, Canada;2. Dept. Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada;3. Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l''Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;4. Population Studies Division, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Dr., AL 0801A, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada;5. Centre de Toxicologie (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, Québec G1V 5B3, Canada;6. School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l''Université, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Few population studies have measured urinary levels of pesticides in individuals with vegan, vegetarian, or organic diets. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether a vegan/vegetarian diet was associated with increased exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, and to evaluate the impact of organic consumption on pesticide exposure in vegans and vegetarians. In the current pilot study conducted in 2013–2014, we collected spot urine samples and detailed 24 h recall dietary data in 42 adult residents of Amirim, a vegetarian community in Northern Israel. We measured urinary levels of non-specific organophosphate pesticide metabolites (dialkylphosphates, (DAPs)) and specific metabolites of the current-use pesticides chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)), propoxur (-isopropoxyphenol (IPPX)), and carbaryl (1-naphthol). Six DAP metabolites were detected in between 67 and 100% of urine samples, with highest geometric mean concentrations for dimethylphosphate (19.2 μg/g). Creatinine-adjusted median concentrations of total DAPs and of TCPy were significantly higher in Amirim residents compared to the general Jewish population in Israel (0.29 μmol/g compared to 0.16, p < 0.05 for DAPs and 4.32 μg/g compared to 2.34 μg/g, p < 0.05 for TCPy). Within Amirim residents, we observed a positive association between vegetable intake and urinary TCPy levels (rho = 0.47, p < 0.05) and lower median total dimethyl phosphate levels in individuals reporting that > 25% of the produce they consume is organic (0.065 μmol/L compared to 0.22, p < 0.05). Results from this pilot study indicate relatively high levels of urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations in residents of a vegetarian community, a positive association between vegetable intake and urinary levels of a chlorpyrifos specific metabolite, and lower levels of total dimethyl phosphate in individuals reporting higher intake of organic produce. Results suggest that consumption of organic produce may offer some protection from increased exposure to organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetarians. |
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