Respiratory medication sales and urban air pollution in Brussels (2005 to 2011) |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;2. Unit Health and Environment, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;3. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;4. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium;5. Department Laboratory and Air Quality, Brussels Environment, Gulledelle 100, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;6. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, China;2. Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an, China;3. Laboratoire d''Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France;4. Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, China;5. School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China;2. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA;3. School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundWe investigated the associations between daily sales of respiratory medication and air pollutants in the Brussels-Capital Region between 2005 and 2011.MethodsWe used over-dispersed Poisson Generalized Linear Models to regress daily individual reimbursement data of prescribed asthma and COPD medication from the social security database against each subject's residential exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM10) or NO2 estimated, by interpolation from monitoring stations. We calculated cumulative risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for interquartile ranges (IQR) of exposure for different windows of past exposure for the entire population and for seven age groups.ResultsMedian daily concentrations of PM10 and NO2 were 25 μg/m3 (IQR = 17.1) and 38 μg/m3 (IQR = 20.5), respectively. PM10 was associated with daily medication sales among individuals aged 13 to 64 y. For NO2, significant associations were observed among all age groups except > 84 y. The highest RR were observed for NO2, among adolescents, including three weeks lags (RR = 1.187 95%CI: 1.097–1.285).ConclusionThe associations found between temporal changes in exposure to air pollutants and daily sales of respiratory medication in Brussels indicate that urban air pollution contributes to asthma and COPD morbidity in the general population. |
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