一种用粪便样方法估计林麝种群密度的新方法

数量(密度)特征是动物种群的一个重要特征，是定点研究一个野生种群生态的一项非常重要的基础工作．其数量和年龄结构为进一步分析其种群的密度、移动、巢域和核域，尤其是为种群动态提供依据，也是珍稀动物保护和资源动物管理利用的先行工作和重要组成部份．关于野生动物种群数量的具体统计方法，有不少的文章报道，然而从动物的空间分布格局来研究大型脊椎动物却较为少见，这主要是受研究方法的限制．为此，作者对此进行了改进，提出了一种新的研究方法：临时空间样方法，并将其应用到冶勒自然保护区林麝的数量调查研究中去．结果表明：(1)集聚分布指数CA=12．09，说明冶勒自然保护区的林麝有较高的集聚度；(2)林麝粪堆在野外的分布属于聚集分布，并与负二项分布拟合较好；(3)在冶勒自然保护区，生活有62～98只左右的林麝，其密度为：1．0～1．6只／km^2．林麝在冶勒自然保护区呈现聚积分布的原因是由于环境和人类活动因素造成的．图1表2参24

A METHOD TO ESTIMATE MUSK DEER (MOSCHUS BEREZOVSKII) POPULATION NUMBER FROM FECAL PELLET SAMPLING

Reliable estimate of wildlife numbers is essential for effective population management. Density estimate based on the frequency distribution of population is an effective census method for small animals. But it has limitations when applied to large vertebrates. Thus a new method, temporary spatial sampling plots, was developed to estimate the density of musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in the Yele Nature Reserve in 1995. The result showed: (1) the distribution index CA = 12.09 indicating that the frequency distributions of musk deer pellet groups were strongly aggregated; (2) The frequency distribution gave an excellent fit to the negative binomial model. The value of k in the negative binomial is a useful measure of the degree of aggregation, where smaller values of k imply greater aggregation. In our study k = 0. 082 9, which means the musk deer population was strongly aggregated; (3) Possible theoretical frequency distributions which could be used to aid in interpreting usage patterns of wildlife populations, and apply in density estimate. It was estimated that there were about 62 ～ 98 individuals of musk dear in the Yele Nature Reserve, with the density n = 1 ～ 1.6 km -2; the pattern of distribution appeared to be affected by environmental factors and human disturbance. Fig 1, Tab 2, Ref 24