云南省矿产资源开发利用中的主要环境问题

云南省矿产资源丰富，随着矿产资源开发规模的增大，所引起的环境污染、环境资源破坏和矿山地质灾害日益突出。环境污染多出现在岩溶地区，以水污染为主；环境资源的破坏以露采区最为严重，对土地资源、植被、地貌景观有较大的影响，甚至对地质灾害的发生都有深刻影响；矿山地质灾害的发生，地质地貌背景是诱发的潜在因素，不合理的开采方法是诱发的主导因素，降雨和水文条件是激发灾难发生的直接原因。云南矿产资源开发中最常见的地质灾害主要有滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷、地裂缝等，所造成的危害和损失也比较突出。不同类型的地质灾害在使用露天开采和地下开采不同采矿方法的矿山发生的频率和强度也不尽相同。采用实例来阐述矿产资源开发过程中所引发的主要环境问题，对云南矿山地质灾害的现状进行分析。

MAIN ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS IN EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

Yunnan Province is rich of mineral resources. With broadening the scale in the mineral resources exploitation,a series of environmental problems such as environment pollution, failure and geologic hazard are brought about. Most environment pollutions appear mainly in karst region,especially in the form of wa- ter pollution; environment pollution has a much worse destruction to the earth,vegetation and physiognomy,especially in the quarry areas. It even results in geologic hazard; for the mine geologic hazard, the background of physiognomy is the potential factor,while the irrational exploitation is the magistral factor. And the rainfall and hydrological condition are the direct cause of the geologic hazard. The familiar geologic hazards in Yunnan Province are land slide, debris flow and large-area failure and subsidence of ground. As the various geologic hazards have the different frequency and intensity in the various mining areas,the main environmental problems in the mineral resources exploitation are analyzed.