伪装遮障材料耐老化性能与机理分析

目的 研究伪装遮障材料在实用期的老化机理，获悉伪装遮障材料失效的主要环境因素。方法 通过分析伪装遮障材料在自然环境和实验室单因素环境中的性能变化，得出影响伪装遮障材料老化失效的主要因素。采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪表征材料的微观形貌、化学结构和化学成分变化，解释伪装遮障材料的老化机理。结果 获得了在不同自然环境、实验室单因素环境下，伪装遮障材料颜色外观和力学性能的变化规律，得到了伪装遮障材料在老化过程中发生的微观形貌、化学结构和化学成分变化。结论 伪装遮障材料在西双版纳自然环境下的老化程度最大，在济南自然环境下的老化程度最小。光照是导致伪装遮障材料颜色外观及力学性能降低的主要因素。老化过程中，主要是材料表面的聚氨酯发生老化、脱落，导致材料的力学性能下降。伪装遮障材料破坏时，纤维有2种失效形式，一种是纤维脱黏、直接断裂；另一种是纤维脱黏，拔出，或者拔出过程中断裂。

Aging Characteristic and Mechanism of Camouflage Materials

The work aims to study the aging mechanism of camouflage materials in the practical period, and learn the main environmental factors of the failure of camouflage materials. The main factors affecting the aging failure of camouflage materials were obtained by analyzing the performance changes of camouflage materials in natural environment and laboratory single factor environment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the changes in the microstructure, chemical structure and chemical composition of the materials, and to explain the aging mechanism of the camouflage materials. The color, appearance and mechanical properties of the camouflage materials under different natural environments and single factor environment in laboratory were obtained. The changes of microstructure, chemical structure and chemical composition of camouflage materials during aging were obtained. The aging degree of camouflage materials in Xishuangbanna is the highest and the aging degree is the lowest in Jinan natural environment. Illumination is the main factor that leads to the decline of color and mechanical properties of camouflage materials. During the aging process, the main reason is that the polyurethane on the surface of the material becomes aged and comes off, which leads to the decline of the mechanical properties of the material. When the camouflage materials are damaged, the fiber failure forms are as follows:one is the fiber direct fracture and the other is that the fiber is pulled out, or breaks during pull-out.