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Protected Area as an Indicator of Ecological Sustainability? A Century of Development in Europe’s Boreal Forest |
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| Authors: | Marine Elbakidze Per Angelstam Nikolay Sobolev Erik Degerman Kjell Andersson Robert Axelsson Olle Höjer Sandra Wennberg |
| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Forest Sciences, School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 43, 730 91, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden 2. Biodiversity Conservation Center, Moscow, Russian Federation 3. Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 702 15, ?rebro, Sweden 4. Faculty of Forest Sciences, School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 43, 739 21, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden 5. Valhallav?gen 195, 106 48, Stockholm, Sweden |
| Abstract: | Protected area (PA) is an indicator linked to policies on ecological sustainability. We analyzed area, size, and categories of PAs in the European boreal forest biome in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia from 1900 to 2010. The PA increased from 1.5 × 103 ha in 1909 to 2.3 × 107 ha in 2010. While the total PA in the boreal biome was 10.8 %, the figures ranged from 17.2 % in the northern, 7.9 % of the middle, and 8.7 % of the southern boreal sub-regions. The median size of PAs varied from 10 to 124 ha among countries. The categories of less strictly PAs increased over time. The proportion of area occupied by PAs is an important response indicator for conservation efforts. However, the use of PA as an indicator of ecological sustainability needs to consider ecosystem representation, functional connectivity and management categories. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity Conservation Norway Sweden Finland North West Russia |
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