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Trends in Rainfall Exceedances in the Observed Record in Selected Areas of the United States1
Authors:Geoffrey M Bonnin  Kazungu Maitaria  Michael Yekta
Institution:1. Respectively, Chief, Hydrologic Science and Modeling Branch, Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, W/OHD, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910;2. Research Scientist, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307 and Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910;3. Information Technology Specialist, Office of Hydrologic Development, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
Abstract:Bonnin, Geoffrey M., Kazungu Maitaria, and Michael Yekta, 2011. Trends in Rainfall Exceedances in the Observed Record in Selected Areas of the United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6): 1173–1182. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00603.x Abstract: Semantic differences have led to a gap in the understanding of the impacts of climate change on precipitation frequency estimates. There is popular perception that heavy rainfalls have become more frequent, and that this trend will increase with global warming. Most of the literature examines this question from the point of view of climatology using definitions of “heavy,”“very heavy,” or “extreme” rainfall, which are different from those commonly used by civil engineers. This article identifies the differences in meaning used by the climate and civil engineering communities and examines trends in the observed record in the frequency of exceedances (not trends in magnitudes). Using concepts recognized as the basis for design of the Nation’s civil infrastructure, we look at trends in the number of exceedances of thresholds for a variety of precipitation frequencies and event durations used by civil engineers. We found that the estimated trends in exceedances at one‐day and multiday durations were statistically significant and increasing for the Ohio River Basin and surrounding states but the reverse was true for the Semiarid Southwest (i.e., not significant and decreasing trends). In addition, we found the magnitude of the trends was small for all but the more frequent events and also small with respect to the uncertainty associated with the precipitation frequency estimates themselves.
Keywords:precipitation  climate variability/change  statistics  time series analysis  rainfall frequency  rainfall intensity  stationarity
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