黄河流域水分亏缺时空格局变化研究

针对黄河流域水资源匮乏日益严重的状况,根据国家气象局整编的1957~2001年(45a)黄河流域93个气象站点气象资料,应用1998年FAO最新推荐的Penman-Monteith法计算潜在蒸散量,研究黄河流域水分变化特点,尤其是水分亏缺时空格局。 同时,应用克里格(Kriging)插值法生成黄河流域区域的水分亏缺分布图。研究结果显示黄河流域水分亏缺的空间分布格局变化十分复杂,受气候、地形和地貌等多种因素影响,具有明显的地域特点。总体上,水分亏缺由北向南逐步递减,流域北部水分亏缺由西北向东南依次递减;流域水分亏缺在年际间的变幅具有增大趋势,在年内也表现出明显的季节变化特点,春季、夏季的亏缺量比较大,而冬季和秋季的亏缺量比较小,且在不同区域之间存在明显差别。

Study on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Surplus and Deficiency in Yellow River Basin

The water surplus and deficiency(WSD) was calculated with precipitation and reference crop evapotranspiration which were calculated with Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO in 1990,based on climatic data of 93 meteorological stations in the Yellow River Basin(YRB) authorized by the National Climatic Bureau from 1957 to 2001.Meanwhile,the WSD distribution map of the YRB was also generated through the Kriging method.The result shows the spatial distribution of WSD is strongly affected by climatic and geographical factors,and WSD decreases from north to south in the YRB,and from northwest to southeast in the northern part of the YRB.From 1957 to the end of the 1990s,the WSD presented an increasing trend.At the same time,the seasonal variation of WSD was obvious,being more obvious in spring and summer but less in winter and autumn,and with distinct regional variation.