A national inventory to estimate release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Portugal |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Entomology, 3401 Watkins Dr., University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States;2. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States;3. UC Cooperative Extension, 9335 Hazard Way, Ste. 201, San Diego, CA 92123, United States;1. INESC TEC Technology and Science, Campus da FEUP, 4200 - 465 Porto, Portugal;2. Simosol Oy, Rautatietori 4, 11130 Riihimäki, Finland;1. Department of Life Sciences/CEF and CNC, University of Coimbra, Ap 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal;2. CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal;3. Faculty of Pharmacy/CEF and CNC, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan, ROC;2. Research Laboratories of Green Energy and Environment, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 32001, Taiwan, ROC;3. Section of Air Quality Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Taoyuan City Government, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | Taking into account current environmental concerns, the main objective of this work focused a national inventory aiming to estimate the amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) released in Portugal in 2006. The methodology used was based on the Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furan Releases, developed by UNEP Chemicals, in 2005. The method allows the assessment of the amount of PCDD/PCDF released into the environment along five vectors involving air, water, land, products and residues. Facing some difficulties mainly regarding to the availability of data for some activities known to produce PCDD/PCDF, three scenarios (Sc1 to Sc3) corresponding to lower, central and upper estimates were established. The Sc1 scenario (lower estimate) includes the situations where in case of doubt or scarce information, reduced or none emission values were assumed, Sc2 refers to a central estimate, which is believed to be the most realistic for the Portuguese situation, while Sc3 corresponds to the worst case (upper estimate). The results obtained pointed out that the total amount of PCDD/PCDF emitted in Portugal during the period under analysis was in the range of 51.2–217.9 g TEQ year−1, with the most likely value of 95.2 g TEQ year−1 achieved under the Sc2 scenario. This study also showed that the methodology developed by UNEP Chemicals is a very simple one, and the main difficulty is the availability of data. The main indicators calculated in this study were 8.98 μg TEQ/(year person) by taking into account the total amount of PCDD/PCDF released, and 3.63 μg TEQ/(year person) when only air emissions were considered. |
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