The Austrian P budget as a basis for resource optimization |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria;2. The Centre for Water Resource Systems (CWRS) at the Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria;1. Department of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia;2. Manufacturing Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, 3169, Australia;3. Department of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia;1. School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nan Yang Institute of Technology, Nan Yang, He Nan, China;2. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China;3. Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;1. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;3. Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 750, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania;4. Research Centre of Urban Sustainable Development /School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;6. Department of Lake Research, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Magdeburg, 39114, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Phosphorus (P) is a finite and non-substitutable resource that is essential to sustaining high levels of agricultural productivity but is also responsible for environmental problems, e.g., eutrophication. Based on the methodology of Material Flow Analysis, this study attempts to quantify all relevant flows and stocks of phosphorus (P) in Austria, with a special focus on waste and wastewater management. The system is modeled with the software STAN, which considers data uncertainty and applies data reconciliation and error propagation. The main novelty of this work lies in the high level of detail at which flows and stocks have been quantified to achieve a deeper understanding of the system and to provide a sound basis for the evaluation of various management options. The budget confirms on the one hand the dependence of mineral P fertilizer application (2 kg cap?1 yr?1), but it highlights on the other hand considerable unexploited potential for improvement. For example, municipal sewage sludge (0.75 kg cap?1 yr?1) and meat and bone meal (0.65 kg cap?1 yr?1) could potentially substitute 70% of the total applied mineral P fertilizers. However, recycling rates are low for several P flows (e.g., 27% of municipal sewage sludge; 3% of meat and bone meal). Therefore, Austria is building up a remarkable P stock (2.1 kg P cap?1 yr?1), mainly due to accumulation in landfills (1.1 kg P cap?1 yr?1) and agricultural soils (0.48 kg P cap?1 yr?1). |
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| Keywords: | Phosphorus Austrian phosphorus budget Material flow analysis Phosphorus recycling potential Waste management sector |
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