Quantification and spatial characterization of in-use copper stocks in Shanghai |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China;1. Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974, Mashhad, IR Iran;2. Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51664, Tabriz, IR Iran;4. Tufts Institute of the Environment, Tufts University, 02155, Medford, MA, USA;1. Research Base of Beijing Modern Manufacturing Development, College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China;2. College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China;3. Institute of Innovation and Circular Economy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taiwan;5. Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing Simulation and Robotics, School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;1. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China;2. Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Shanghai is the largest industrial and commercial city of China, where in-use stocks of metals are likely to be significant. The in-use stocks of copper in this city are thus established by an extensive “bottom-up” study. Spatial distribution of copper stocks within Shanghai has further been characterized for better understanding of copper utilization pattern of this city. For the year 2012, the results are a total stock of 914.6 Gg Cu, and 38.4–64.1 kg Cu per capita. Nearly 94% of copper stocks distribute in subcategories of electric power transmission and distribution, water transmission and distribution, buildings, and household durable. Features of spatial distribution show that three central districts of Jing An, Hong Kou and Huang Pu have the spatial density of more than 1 Gg/km2. And Chong Ming county and Jin Shan District have the lowest spatial density of about 0.01 Gg/km2. It has been found that the copper stock density within Shanghai is largely determined by population density and economic development level. |
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| Keywords: | Substance flow analysis In-use stocks Copper China Spatial |
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