通辽北部农牧交错生态脆弱区农地利用强度与潜力分析

农牧交错生态脆弱区农业土地利用系统具有高敏感性特点,对其利用强度及潜力分析能够为区域土地可持续利用提供重要支持。论文基于农用地分等成果,在通辽市从北向南选取扎鲁特旗、科尔沁左翼中旗、开鲁县和科尔沁区作为典型区域,分析中国北方农牧交错带生态脆弱区农地产能差异及空间变异规律,并对该地区农地利用强度及增产潜力进行了研究。结果表明:①研究区北部和东北部产能较低,贯穿开鲁县由东北向西南延伸带状区域及科尔沁区沿西辽河分布的带状区域是研究区产能最高的区域;②西辽河平原区各层次产能均高于大兴安岭丘陵区,光、温、水、土等自然因素对产能产生主要影响,县区之间可实现产能差异性小于理论产能,利用和管理水平是产能发挥的根本;③理论利用强度自西南向东北递减,理论利用潜力自东向西递减,可实现产能利用强度自南向北递减,可实现利用潜力西高东低;④研究区中部和东南部属于粮食主产区,应加强农业技术的推广,着重解决土地利用粗放、非法占用耕地的问题;北部丘陵区应因地制宜,对不适耕种的区域建议还林还草,加强生态保护。

Analysis of Cultivated Land Utilization Intensity and Potential in the Farming-Pastoral Fragile Ecological Area of Northern Tongliao

The cultivated land in farming-pastoral fragile ecological area has high sensitivity characteristics, its use of intensity and potential for regional analysis can provide important support for sustainable land use. On the basis of agricultural land classification and gradation results, four counties in northern Tongliao were selected to analyses cultivated land utilization intensity and potential in fragile ecological area of farming-pastoral zone in North China. The results indicate: 1) The productivity is lower in the north and northeast of the study area. The highest productivity area is the belt region which runs through the northeast to the southwest of Kailu County and distributed in the West Liaohe River of Horqin District. 2) The various production levels in the West Liaohe Plain are higher than that of the Daxinganling hilly region, indicating that light, temperature, water, soil and other natural factors have a major influence on the productivity. The differences of achievable productivity between different counties are less than the theoretical productivity, indicating the fundamental for productivity growth is utilization and management. 3) Theoretical utilization intensity decreased from southwest to northeast, and the theoretical utilization potential decreased from east to west; the achievable utilization intensity decreased from south to north, and the achievable utilization potential can be realized from west to east. 4) The central and southeastern parts are the major grain-producing areas. We should put more emphasis on the promotion of agricultural technology and focus on resolving the land use extensive and illegal occupation of arable land issues. But in the north hilly region, we must pay more attention to protect ecology, and the area which is unsuitable for farming must be returning to forests and pasture.