池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务价值的实证研究

生态服务价值的评估对于研究人员、政策制定者和公众都有重大意义，而农业生态系统价值往往集中于食物的供给价值，而生态系统的调控服务价值、支持服务价值和文化服务价值往往被忽略。空气调控服务属于生态系统调控服务中的一种，通过按季度检测池塘养殖水体的叶绿素a含量，计算养殖池塘的初级生产力，再以工业制氧法、碳税法和造林成本法估算了常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务价值。结果表明：常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务总价值为63 42248 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2。考虑到系统内部耗氧和向系统外释放含碳气体导致的价值损失，常规鱼类池塘养殖生态系统空气调节服务总净价值为28 88674 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2，其中固碳净价值为 25 46328 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2，释放氧气的净价值为3 42346 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2。相较44 0221 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2的池塘养殖水产品的市场价值，空气调节服务价值超过养殖水产品市场价值的一半以上，表明池塘养殖的生态服务价值对人类社会的贡献不可忽视。研究认为，由于池塘藻类的高增长率，常规水产池塘养殖系统空气调节服务价值高于一些种植业生态系统的空气调节服务价值。

STUDY ON THE VALUE OF GAS REGULATION SERVICEOF POND AQUACULTURE ECOSYSTEM

Valuating ecosystem services is important to the public and decision makers as well as scientists.Investigations of the value of agricultural ecosystems have focused mainly on value food and neglected the value of regulation services,supporting services and cultural services of an ecosystem.Gas regulation service,a kind of regulation service of a pond aquaculture ecosystem,is calculated in this paper.Through Chlorophyll a measured in an aquaculture pond each season,the primary production of the aquaculture pond is calculated,and then the value of gas regulation service of common fish pond aquaculture ecosystem is estimated by using the price of industrial O2,the Sweden carbon tax and the cost of forestation.The result of the study shows that the total value of gas regulation service of pond aquaculture ecosystem is about 63 42248 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2.Considering the value loss of oxygen consumption and the release of carbon containing gas,the total net value of gas regulation service of pond aquaculture is about 28 886.74 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2,including the value of carbon fixation,which is about 25 46328 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2,the value of O2 emission is about 3 42346 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2.The value of gas regulation service of pond aquaculture is above half of market value of fish production in the pond,which is about 44 022.1 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2.It is concluded that the contribution of aquaculture to society and economy is underestimated in view of the ecosystem service of aquaculture.The result of this study shows that the value of the gas regulation service of pond aquaculture is more than that of the farming in other research;this may be resulted from the rapid growth rate of algae.Though many methods have been used to evaluate the gas regulation service of agriculture,the method through Chlorophyll a may be an effective method to value gas regulation service in pond aquaculture.