不同森林恢复类型对土壤生物学特性的影响

比较研究了南方红壤侵蚀区4种主要森林恢复类型下土壤中有机质、微生物结构与功能以及酶活性.结果表明,不同的森林恢复类型导致了土壤生物学性状的明显差异.4种森林类型的土壤生物学性状均比长期干扰下CK的高.人工林土壤生物学性状相对比天然次生林土壤差.整合上述指标的土壤生物学肥力指数分别为:天然次生林(0.752)、油茶林(0.611)、杉木林(0.422)、湿地松林(0.439)、对照(0.124).在森林恢复初期,采用自然恢复有效地提高了土壤生物学肥力.导致天然次生林土壤生物学活性相对较高的主要因素是较高的凋落物产量和质量、较高的根系生物量、较丰富的植物种类组成、较优越的土壤生态条件和快速的植物生长.在反映土壤生物学活性的指标选择方面,培养基平均颜色变化率(AWCD)、培养基丰富度和培养基Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与反映土壤生物学活性的大部分指标具有较好的相关关系,是反映土壤生物学活性的较好指标.图3表6参68

Effect of Different Forest Restoration Approaches on Soil Biological Properties

Comparative studies on soil organic matters, structure and function of soil microbial community, and activities of soil enzymes were conducted under main forest restoration types in red soil eroded region, southern China. The results showed that different forest restoration types led to significant differences in soil biological properties. The soil biological fertility indexes, which integrated the above indicators ranked as: natural secondary forest(0.752)>tea-oil plantation(0.611)>Chinese fir plantation(0.422)>slash pine plantation(0.439)>control(0.124). At the early stage of forest restoration, natural restoration was an effective approach to improve soil biological properties. The factors that could improve the soil biological activities of natural secondary forest were the higher litter production and quality, higher root biomass, richer plant species, better soil ecological condition and faster plant growth. The average well color development (AWCD), richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of utilized substrates were the better indicators reflecting soil biological activities. Fig 3, Tab 6, Ref 68