1998—2008年我国废水污水处理的碳排量估算

对我国1998—2008年的废污水碳排量进行了估算.同时,提出一种综合的碳排量估算方法,即综合生化反应过程法与耗电量折算法,分别计算了我国废污水处理过程中相关生化反应所伴随的碳排量(直接碳排)和废污水处理过程中的能耗所对应的碳排量(间接碳排).生化反应过程法运用物质守恒定律并结合生化过程的基本参数对碳排量进行核算;耗电量折算法主要是通过计算废污水处理的总耗电量,进一步将耗电量折算成碳排量.计算结果表明,1998—2008年我国废水污水处理产生总平均碳排量为35.4×106t.污水处理产生的碳排量大于废水处理产生的碳排量,平均占总碳排量的56.3%,呈逐年上升趋势.废污水处理产生的直接碳排量大于间接碳排量,平均占碳排总量的51.7%,呈逐年下降趋势.直接碳排量中,生活污水处理碳排量占73.6%,呈逐年上升趋势,而且水处理碳排量平均为泥处理碳排量的4.27倍.间接碳排量中,生活污水处理碳排量占37.5%,且呈上升趋势,工业碳排量较大的行业,如造纸及相关制品业,化学、医药制品业与水电气供应业碳排量分别占总量的25.2%、18.6%和17.5%.

Estimation of carbon emission from wastewater treatment from 1998 to 2008 in China

A new method was developed to estimate carbon emission from sewage treatment from 1998 to 2008 in China. Carbon emission consists of greenhouse gas emission from biochemical reaction (direct emission) and from power consumption (indirect emission) during wastewater treatment. The estimation of direct emission was based on law of conservation of matter and parameters of biochemical reactions in effluent treatment while the estimation of indirect emission was based on conversion ratio of the energy consumption to carbon emission. The result shows that carbon emission from wastewater treatment is average 35.4 million tons from 1998 to 2008 in China. Carbon emission from domestic sewage treatment is growing yearly, and accounts for average 56.3% of total carbon emission from effluent disposal treatment. Indirect carbon emission from waste water treatment is gradually decreasing, and takes up average 51.7% of the total emission during the studied years. Both direct and indirect carbon emission from domestic sewage treatment increase yearly, which account for 73.6% and 37.5% of the total emission, respectively. Direct carbon emission from sludge treatment accounts for a small part, only 19.0% of the total direct emission. Top three industrial sources of indirect carbon emission are paper and relative products making, medicine and chemical production, and generation and supply of water- power-gas. They discharge 25.2%, 18.6% and 17.5% of the total industrial indirect emission, respectively.