我国人口资源与食物问题

人口增多,耕地减少,部分地区供水不足,是我国人口与资源矛盾的基本格局。由于人口的压力,对资源实行超强度的利用,使较大范围的地区生态环境恶化,严重威胁农业生产,并成为许多地区多灾、低产、贫困的根本原因,较低的食物人均占有水平,将继续成为中国国民经济发展和人民生活水平提高的严重限制因素。增加食物,必须挖掘资源的潜力,开源与节流相结合,以内涵挖潜为主。首先是要立足现有的耕地,致力于提高单产;同时,合理开发水域、山地、草地等资源,广辟食物来源,提高非耕地资源的生产力,提高林牧渔业的发展水平。耕地应以深度开发为主,走资源节约型(节地、节水、节时、节能)的集约化道路。

ON PROBLEMS OF POPULATION,RESOURCES AND FOOD IN CHINA

With the rapid growth of population,there has been a decrease in natural resources such as arable land and water.The population pressure on natural resources for a long time has led to the overuse of natural resources and the deterioration of ecological environment in large areas in China.As a result,agricultural products and farmers'income have decreased. To meet the food demand,we must improve the natural resource utilization efficiency by both exploiting and economizing resources.The major measures must be taken as follows:(1)protect arable land and raise the per unit yield;(2)exploit water areas,mountainous regions,grassland and other natural resources,and expand food sources.In addition,the full development of rural labour resource will also play an important role in developing agricultural production and increasing food supply in China.