钱塘江河口滩涂进一步治理与开发研究

钱塘江河口滩涂湿地面积大，分布范围广，钱塘江河口滩涂湿地的合理开发、利用和保护对河口地区的经济发展、岸线工程建设、航道开发、生态净化及环境保护等至关重要。区分了河口滩涂治理与滨海滩涂治理的不同，阐述了钱塘江河口滩涂岸线冲淤演变的历史，介绍了钱塘江河口滩涂近几十年的开发进程，尚存滩涂的面积与分布区域及河口滩涂几十年治理中在经济发展、防汛抗旱等方面取得的显著成效。分析了现在钱塘江河口滩涂开发治理在进度、利用及保护等方面存在的主要问题；并提出了钱塘江河口滩涂进一步围垦治理中要依据河口涨落潮流近些年发生的变化及滩涂冲淤速度，注重岸线工程建设与保护，优化江道河势，注意动态平衡，进行科学有序围垦，走综合性开发与可持续发展的道路等建议。

ANALYSIS OF FURTHER REGULATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE TIDAL FLAT RESOURCES AT QIANTANG RIVER ESTUARY

Tidal flats cover a large area at Qiantang River Estuary. The scientific exploitation, utilization and protection of estuary tidal flats are of great importance to economic development,estuary engineering construction,channel exploitation, ecosystem services and environmental protection. This paper analyzed the difference between regulations of estuary tidal flat and that of seashore,and introduced the tidal flats at Qiantang River Estuary,including the alluvial movement history,exploitation progress in recent decades, current situation and cultivation achievements in terms of economic development and flood control. The major existent problems concerning exploitation progress,utilization and protection of tidal flats were also discussed in this paper. Besides,in accordance with the change of tide in recent years and the alluvial speed of tidal flats, some instructive advices were put forward on the further reclamation,such as paying attention to estuary engineering, optimizing channel, closely following homeostasis, and emphasizing comprehensive utilization and sustainable development of tidal flats.