武汉市金银湖水鸟多样性及其与水环境关系的初步研究

2007年11月～2009年3月对金银湖越冬期和迁徙期水鸟进行了调查研究，共计水鸟34种，隶属于8目11科，其中冬候鸟21种，夏候鸟6种，留鸟5种，旅鸟2种；古北种21种，东洋种2种，广布种11种；列入国家重点保护Ⅱ级鸟类和中国濒危动物红皮书名录的有白琵鹭（Platalea leucorodia）1种，省级保护鸟类10种。按食性分，主食鱼虾类水鸟种数占优势，而主食水生植物类水鸟生物量较大。水质测试结果表明金银湖为劣Ⅴ类水体。通过分析不同季节以及栖息地环境改变前后水鸟多样性指数的变化，认为重建湿生植被和通过调节水位改变滩涂与水域的面积可提高水鸟多样性。武汉城市湖泊与远郊湖泊的水鸟多样性及环境条件的比较结果显示：水鸟多样性与水体污染程度呈负相关，与水域面积呈明显正相关，因此应严禁湿地的过度开发和蚕食湿地的行为，同时改善湖泊水质迫在眉睫。

A PRIMARY STUDY ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF WATER BIRDS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WATER ENVIRONMENT AT LAKE JINYINHU,WUHAN

During the investigation on water birds at Lake Jinyinhu from Nov.2007 to Mar.2009,34 birds species of 11 families 8 orders were recorded,in which there were 21 winter migrant species,6 summer migrant species,5 resident species and 2 passengers.In terms of geographical distribution type,there were 21 Palaearctic species,2 Oriental species and 11 cosmopolitan species.〖WTBX〗Platalea leucorodia〖WTBZ〗,listed on both Rank Ⅱ National Protected Wildlife and China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals,was recorded.And there were 10 species protected provincially.According to the feeding habits of water birds,there were more spedes living on fish and shrimp,but more biomass of the species living on hydrophytes.The water quality of Lake Jinyinhu turned out to be even poorer than the 5th level.were analyzed,The bird diversity index in different seasons and different habitats were analyzed.It indicated that the reconstruction of hydrophytes and the change of wate land area by water level control would increase the biodiversity of Lake Jinyinhu.Furthermore,the species diversity of water birds and environmetn condition were compared between urban and suburban lakes of Wuhan.The result showed that the water bird diversity correlated negatively with the pollution degree,positively with the area of lakes.Thus the over development and encroachnent of wetlands should be prohibited,and it is urgent to improve the water quality.