西南岩溶山区景观生态特征与景观生态建设

探讨了西南岩溶山区景观生态结构与功能以及景观生态过程的不同于其他区域的基本特征，尝试从景观角度认识西南岩溶区生态空间特性与演化过程。受地质地貌和土地利用的影响。西南岩溶山区景观基质脆弱、景观格局分异明显，具破碎化与景观结构粗粒化、景观动态变化范围大且速度快、整体退化明显的特点，以石漠化为特征的景观演化削弱了岩溶生态系统的生态服务功能。岩溶山区的景观生态建设须充分认识岩溶山区资源环境优势，充分利用当地的适生植物资源，协调生态效应和水文效应，促进水土资源的有效保持向高效利用发展，形成新的高效、和谐的人工自然景观。今后应把景观格局与生态过程结合起来、与人文因子和地学背景结合起来，加强小尺度的景观变化研究。

Landscape ecological characteristics and ecological construction of karst mountain areas in southwest China

The landscape ecological structure and function and the essential features of landscape ecological procedure in karst mountains of Southwest China are analyzed in this paper, in order to understand the ecological spatial character and evolving procedure of karst mountains from landscape viewpoint. The landscape patterns have some characteristics such as matrix fragility, a sharp contrast of patterns, landscape fragmentation, coarse grain of landscape structure, evident totality degradation with dynamic and swift changes, and all these characteristics are controlled by geology, physiognomy and land use patterns. The landscape evolvement with land rocky desertification weakens the ecological services of karst eco-system. Therefore, the landscape ecological construction must find out resources and environment superiorities renewedly, take full advantages of native plant resources, harmonize ecological hydrogeologic ecological effect, turn from soil and water conversation effectively to exploitation with high efficiency, all these are in order to reconstruct highly-efficient and harmonious managed-natural landscape. The main questions of landscape ecology in karst mountain areas from now on are discussed in this paper also, it suggests that there are important theoretical and practical meaning to study the relationships between changes of landscape pattern with eco-environment degradation or restoration for the comprehensive taming of rocky desertification in karst mountain regions in a small scale.