典型入海河口海域水环境健康风险评价-以辽河口为例

通过现场海水采样、室内样品处理和数据分析，对辽河河口水体中的Cd、Cr、As、NH₃-、Hg、Cu和Pb等七种金属45个监测站位进行了调查研究，并采取美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对辽河河口的水环境进行了初步的健康风险评价。结果表明，金属的浓度范围分别为Cd:0.23~0.93μg/L，Cr:0.8~8.3μg/L，As:0.29~0.51μg/L，NH₃-:7.59~322μg/L，Hg:0.007~0.135μg/L，Cu:2.4~6.2μg/L，Pb:0.11~0.69μg/L；基因毒物质（Cd、Cr、As）对人体健康危害的个人年均风险要远远大于躯体毒物质（NH₃-、Hg、Cu、Pb），其中Cr对人体健康危害的个人年均风险最大。并把水环境的综合影响情况划分成了5个等级，影响最为严重的区域是研究区域的西北部，主要原因是该区域是大凌河口区域。

Water environmental health risk assessment in typical Estuary-A case study of Liao River estuary

In the paper, researches have been conducted on the 45 stations that monitor the heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, arsenic, NH₃-, mercury, copper and lead in the water of Liao River estuary by means of sampling, processing and data analysis. The Health Risk Assessment Model recommended by the US Protection Agency has been employed to conduct an initial health risk assessment on the water environment of Liao River Estuary. The result shows that the concentration ranges of the heavy metals are as followings:the range of cadmium is 0.23~0.93μg/L; chromium 0.8~8.3μg/L; arsenic 0.29~0.51μg/L; NH₃-:7.59~322μg/L; mercury 0.007~0.135μg/L; copper 2.4~6.2μg/L; lead 0.11~0.69μg/L. The result has shown that the annual risk per capita that the gene toxic substances ( cadmium/ chromium and arsenic) have posed to human health is far greater than that of non-gene toxic substances(NH₃-, mercury, copper and lead). Among the heavy metals, chromium tops the list in terms of the annual risk per capita for human health. In addition, this paper has divided the general influencing factor of the surface water environment into five grades, among which the northwest of the researched region ranks in the highest grade for this region belongs to Daling estuary.