河北省近岸海域赤潮灾害特征分析

对河北省近岸海域1989~2014年间发生的赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明:全省赤潮灾害发生的频次及累计面积呈现上升趋势;每年的5~10月是赤潮灾害的发生期,其中5~6月是赤潮频发期;秦皇岛市、黄骅市附近海域是河北省赤潮灾害的多发海域,也是深受赤潮灾害危害较为严重的海域;甲藻门引发赤潮灾害的比例较大,尤其夜光藻引发的赤潮灾害的次数最多;有毒赤潮生物种较多,达12种;新的赤潮生物种抑食金球藻引发的赤潮灾害扩散快,影响面积大,持续时间长。建议采取有效措施,严格控制陆源污染物超标排放;加强海水养殖业的科学管理,控制养殖废水的排放;加大对抑食金球藻引发赤潮的机理、快速检测与识别方法的研究,减少或避免赤潮灾害的发生。

Analysis on characteristics of red tide disaster in Hebei coastal waters

In this paper, all the red tide events that occurred from 1989 to 2014 in Hebei coastal water were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the occurrence frequency and the cumulative area of the red tide disaster present a rising trend. Outbreaks of red tide often occurred between April and October. and the peak period was in May and June. The coastal waters of Qinhuangdao City and Huanghua city was the red tide disaster-prone areas, which was also more serious hazards of the sea. The red tide disasters caused by Pyrrophyta accounted for a larger proportion, especially the number of red tide disaster caused by Noctiluca scintillans were the most. Toxic red tide species. were up to 12. The red tide disaster that was caused by the new red tide species of Aureococcus anophagefferens spread quickly, impacted area largely, and also sustained time long. Effective measures should be adopted to control the discharge of land sourced pollutants exceeded the standard strictly, to strengthen the scientific management of aquaculture industry, and to control aquaculture wastewater discharge, to increase research of the mechanism, the rapid detection and identification method of Aureococcus anophagefferens, to decrease or avoid the occurrence of red tide disaster.