江河水质监测断面优化布设方法

江河水质监测断面应掌控水质的时空变化规律.数理统计分析方法可以发现一条河流上现有水质监测断面是否存在功能相似的邻近断面,水环境数值模拟方法可以近似地展现一条河流任意位置的水质情况,二者结合即可解决缺乏实测数据的河流水质监测断面优化布设问题.以我国某条大河为研究实例,运用物元分析法、模糊聚类分析法以及一维水环境数值模型结合物元分析法研究其水质断面优化问题.研究发现该河现有15个监测断面需要去除2个,同时需要增设2个新的水质监测断面.通过实地调查,该优化方法很好地解决了河流水质监测断面的合理布设问题.

Optimization of river water quality monitoring sections

River sections chosen for water quality monitoring should be able to cover the temporal and spatial variation of water quality. Statistical methods can reveal the similarities of adjacent sections of the existing water quality monitoring sections. A water quality model is able to calculate the water quality of any cross-section along a river. In this study, a numerical model is combined with a statistical method and applied to optimize the monitoring scheme of a river. First, the data collected from 15 monitoring stations were used to set up the 1-dimensional water quality model. The calibrated model was then applied to simulate the water quality of 94 cross-sections along the river. Finally, the statistical method is introduced to group the cross-sections, taking the original 15 stations as reference. The results showed that 2 of the 15 stations can be removed, and 2 stations should be added in other places. Through field investigation, it was found that the changes to the monitoring scheme were reasonable and practical.