Estimating the take of migrating adult chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caused by confined underwater rock blasting |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 W. Sequim Bay Rd., Sequim, WA 98382, USA;2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 620 SW 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97204, USA;3. University of Washington, 1325 Fourth Avenue, Suite 1515, Seattle, WA 98101-2540, USA;1. Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America;2. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1007 W. 3rd Avenue, Suite 100, Anchorage, Alaska 99501, United States of America;3. Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, United States of America;4. Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America;1. University of Tuscia, DAFNE Department, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, I-01100 Rome, Italy;2. Grumets Research Group, Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Campus de la UAB, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;3. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Viale Santa Margherita 80, I-52100 Arezzo, Italy;4. Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lipová 9, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;1. Department of Environmental Science Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy;2. Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes a methodology for estimating the take of upstream migrating adult chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caused by confined underwater rock blasting. Because these fish are listed under the Endangered Species Act, it is unlawful to take (i.e., harm, capture, collect, injure, kill, etc.) them without a federal permit. In the permit for an underwater blasting project to deepen a 2 km section of the Columbia River navigation channel linking Portland, Oregon, to the Pacific Ocean, regulators defined take as the mortality of adult chum salmon due to underwater blasting. They required monitoring to estimate take to track compliance with the permit. Conventional predictive models of fish mortality from underwater blasting depend on data about the explosive charges; however, such data for this project were not available for proprietary reasons. Therefore, an innovative approach had to be conceived. The dose-exposure-response methodology we developed provided an unobtrusive, science-based methodology for monitoring and near real-time reporting of adult chum salmon take. We applied the methodology for 99 blasting events from November 1, 2009, through February 5, 2010, in the lower Columbia River (rkm 139–141). The mean absolute peak pressure in underwater sound generated by blast events was 151,685 Pa (22 psi) at a range of 42.7 m. The estimated cumulative take for the project was 0.126 adult chum salmon, far below the 10-fish mortality limit regulators set for the project. We propose that this dose-exposure-response methodology be considered wherever underwater blasting has the potential to have an adverse effect on important fish species. |
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