GIS环境下流域降雨侵蚀动态模拟研究——以PCRaster系统和LISEM模型为例

本文结合ＧＩＳ和流域土壤侵蚀模型，对流域单次降雨侵蚀过程进行动态模拟研究。首先概述土壤侵蚀模型与ＧＩＳ结合的三种方式和特点；其次介绍地理信息系统ＰＣＲａｓｔｅｒ 的空间动态模型语言及其表达方法、命令函数和动态模型的逻辑组成，以及使用该语言实现的与ＧＩＳ完全结合的流域水文和土壤侵蚀动态模型－ ＬＩＳＥＭ 模型；最后分析用ＰＣＲａｓｔｅｒ 系统和ＬＩＳＥＭ 模型对黄土高原小流域次降雨过程进行动态模拟的实验结果，认为模型计算的总径流量和总土壤流失量具有较高的精度，模拟的径流过程线符合黄土高原小流域超渗产流的实际情况

DYNAMIC MODELING SOIL EROSION OF A SINGLE RAINFALL EVENT FOR DRAINAGE BASINS IN GIS:TAKE PCRASTER SYSTEM AND LISEM MODEL AS EXAMPLE

This paper introduced the PCRaster Dynamic Modeling Language, which is a specially developed programming language embedded in GIS. The Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) is a published example of this language, and it is a physically-based hydrological and soil erosion model on a catchment scale. The purpose of the study was to modeling soil erosion dynamic process of a single rainfall event for a catchment using PCRaster system and LISEM in Loess Plateau, China. The result indicated: that simulated total runoff and soil loss amount closed to the measured value; the simulated runoff process curve by Holtan equation is similar the measured. maps of soil erosion and deposition produced by the model can be used for quantitatively evaluating the spatial distribution of soil erosion or deposition, which is very helpful for soil conservation planning. This study provide a method to modeling soil erosion dynamic process in a GIS environment.