沸石生物滴滤器处理分散式生活污水的性能及生物膜特征

构建沸石生物滴滤器处理农村生活污水,研究了滴滤器的挂膜启动特征、进水水力负荷对滴滤器处理生活污水性能的影响.滴滤器采用连续进水的方式挂膜,挂膜26d后,COD和氨氮去除率分别达到85%和68%以上,且COD和氨氮相邻两次监测结果的相对偏差均低于10%,表明滴滤器挂膜成功,并基本达到了稳定的运行状态.滴滤器表现出对进水水力负荷变化较强的适应性,水力负荷为300L/（m²·d）时,滴滤器对COD、氨氮、TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到90.8%、87.1%、67.2%、90.1%.滴滤器对有机物和氮磷的去除途径结果表明,微生物降解和转化作用对污水中COD、氨氮、TN的去除贡献率最大,填料的吸附则是TP去除的主要途径,铁屑的氧化是影响填料吸附去除TP的重要因素.生物量及生物膜的分布特征表明,滴滤器内生物膜中细菌的多样性十分丰富.

Performance of zeolite trickling filter in treatment of domestic wastewater and characteristics of the biofilm

Zeolite trickling filter (ZTF) was developed to treat domestic wastewater. Biofilm colonization and the effects of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on the treatment of domestic wastewater by the ZTF were investigated. In biofilm colonization stage, the influent was set as the "continuous manner", and after 26d, COD and ammonia removal efficiencies reached 85% and 68%, even more, respectively, moreover, relative deviation of the two adjacent test results of COD and ammonia were less than 10% in this period, indicated that the biofilm colonization was success and the ZTF reached a stable operation state. The ZTF exhibited a strong adaptability on the variation of hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and average removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia, TN, TP reached 90.8%, 87.1%, 67.2%, and 90.1%, respectively, when the HLR was adjusted to 300L/(m²·d). In the treatment process by the ZTF, COD, ammonia, and TN could be efficiently removed, and the biological decomposition and biotransformation processes of microorganisms were the most important pathway for pollutants removal, while the adsorption of phosphorous onto the zeolite substrates could explained as the main removal mechanism, in which metal irons oxidized into ferric hydroxides was the key factor for adsorption of phosphorus. Moreover, the bacterial diversity in the ZTF was very rich, which could be proved by the characteristics of biomass and microorganism population distribution