基于大型底栖动物摄食群上的生态质量评价

基于2011年5月和9月航次获取的大型底栖动物和环境数据，采用建立在功能摄食群上的摄食均匀度指数（the feeding evenness index，j_FD）并辅以建立在群落结构指标上的多元AZTI海洋生物指数（Multivariate AZTI Marine Biological Index，M-AMBI）评价渤海湾生态质量状况.本研究将所有大型底栖动物划分为5个摄食群，但2个航次均未发现植食者.从物种丰富度的角度看，碎屑食者和肉食者占比最高；从栖息密度的角度看则是浮游生物食者占比最高，而杂食者则在上述两个指标中均占比最低.摄食均匀度指数值大都低于0.60，说明研究区大部分海域的大型底栖动物群落受到不同程度的干扰，生态环境质量较差，这可能与该海域所受到的人为干扰如陆源排污、围海造陆有关.与M-AMBI相比，二者指示的渤海湾生态质量状况基本一致，且均能敏感地响应渤海湾近岸河口至离岸海域的环境压力梯度.总体上来讲，j_FD适用于评价渤海湾的生态质量状况.

Assessment on the ecological quality based on the macrozoobenthos functional feeding groups

Based on data collected during May and September of 2011, the feeding evenness index developed from the functional feeding groups, together with the M-AMBI (Multivariate AZTI Marine Biological Index) derived from the community structure, were used to assess the ecological quality status of Bohai Bay. Results showed that the macrozoobenthos community was divided into five feeding groups in the study but no herbivorous group was found. Groups detritivorous and carnivorous displayed the greatest percentages of species richness, and the group planktivorous displayed the highest percentage of the community density. However, the group omnivorous displayed the smallest percentage of the above two indicators. Furthermore, the feeding evenness index in the most sampling stations were less than 0.60, indicating that most marine waters were disturbed to some degree in this study which was corresponding to the degraded ecological quality status. This may be related to the human pressures affecting Bohai bay such as waste discharges and land reclamation. It seemed that the ecological quality status indicated by the feeding evenness index and M-AMBI were generally similar. Meanwhile, both indices were sensitive to the environmental pressure gradient from the inshore to the offshore areas in Bohai Bay. In sum, the feeding evenness index could be suitable to assess the ecological quality status of Bohai Bay.