燃煤电厂污染减排成本有效性分析及超低排放政策讨论

中国的空气污染与以煤为主的能源结构关系密切.燃煤电厂是中国煤炭消费量最大且大气污染物排放量最大的部门，因此，也必然成为污染物排放控制的主要对象.针对最近公布的电厂超低排放政策，本文采用成本有效性评估方法对燃煤电厂污染物减排进行了分析，研究结果表明：全面进行超低排放改造以实现污染物减排的成本高昂，其中，燃煤电厂超低排放改造的脱硫、脱硝、除尘的单位减排成本分别为：4.46万元/t，2.35万元/t，0.43万元/t.现有燃煤电厂实施超低排放的行业成本较高；鉴于其他燃煤部门技术水平相对落后、排放标准宽松，现阶段是否首先针对燃煤电厂全面实施超低排放改造需要更为全面的环境经济评估.基于本文的分析，以度电成本为衡量指标将会误导超低排放改造的减排路径选择.研究结论表明：燃煤电厂行业最低成本超低排放改造，应从规模较小、煤质水平较差的机组开始.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pollution emission reductionmeasures and ultra-low emission policies for coal-fired power plants

China's air pollution is closely related to its coal-dominated energy structure. As the largest coal-consuming and pollution-releasing sector in China, coal-fired power plants have been playing an important role on air pollution control. A cost-effectiveness analysis of pollution emission reduction measures in coal-fired power plants was discussed in this article considering the recent ultra-low emission policies for the power industry. The results showed that the pollutant-mitigation costs are around 44600 Yuan per ton of SO₂, 23500 Yuan per ton of NO_x, 4,300Yuan per ton of PM, and it would be costly to implement the ultra-low emission transformation in the whole power industry. It still need more comprehensive environmental economic evaluation on the ultra-low emission implementation, taking into consideration that other coal-fired sectors' inefficient technologies and loose emission standards. It was also found that to evaluate the transformation cost per kilowatt hour as the only indicator would result in a mislead pollution control path and it should initiate to implement theultra-low emission transformation from the smaller power plants with dirtier coal quality.