2004年春季北京一次沙尘暴的理化特性分析

2004-03-27～2004-03-29北京发生沙尘暴天气期间,监测了气溶胶TSP、PM10和PM2.5的浓度,利用撞击式采样器采集了8级膜样品,并用ICP-MS分析了气溶胶中元素的含量,同时监测了地面辐射和风速的变化.结果显示,此次沙尘暴导致TSP浓度比平时增加3～4倍,PM10浓度增加2～3倍,PM2.5浓度有所降低.研究还表明:地壳元素Na、Mg、Al、Mn和Fe主要分布在粗粒子上.而污染元素Zn、Pb主要分布在细粒子上,污染元素主要是本地源.沙尘暴对总辐射有明显的影响,导致地面总辐射衰减了37.8%.受大风影响粗粒子浓度增加显著,细粒子浓度明显减少.

Analysis on Chemical and Physical Properties of Beijing Super Dust Storm in Spring of 2004

On March 27,2004 a super dust storm occurred in Beijing. The concentration of the aerosol and the element concentration of the aerosol were analyzed. The velocity of wind and radiation of ground were also measured. TSP increased 300400 percent. PM2.5 increased 200300 percent, but the concentration of the fine particle decreased. The elements like Na,Mg,Al,Mn and Fe mainly distribute in coarse particles. The contaminated elements such as Zn and Pb mainly distribute in fine particles. The contaminated elements mainly come from local source. The total radiation reduced 37.8 percent. With the increased of the velocity of the wind, the concentration of the coarse particle increased notability, the concentration of the fine particle decreased.