无磷洗衣粉并非控制水体富营养化的灵丹妙药

很多人认为，使用无磷洗衣粉便能有效解决令人烦恼的“水华”或“赤潮”问题。然而，无论是西方国家长达20年的实践经验，还是我国目前面临的现状显示，无磷洗衣粉对遏制水体富营养化现象作用并不十分明显!究其原因，面源污染和生活污水中的其它磷来源才是构成水体磷负荷的主要来源。因此，在国内外普遍兴建污水处理厂的前提下，是否有必要以洗涤效果不佳、可能会产生新的环境问题的无磷洗衣粉替代传统洗衣粉目前正遭到国外一些有识之士质疑。文章介绍了国外这方面的情况，并总结性地提出了我国在此方面应注意的问题。

Detergents without phosphate is not miraculous for controlling eutrophication

Phosphates as an effective component in detergents have their advantage over any other components. However, eutrophi- cation needs to reduce phosphate from wastewater into surface water. Can detergents without phosphates function in this respect? In fact, no enough data indicate that this activity at abroad and home is fully effective to control eutrophication. Instead, detergent without phosphates may create new environmental problems such as more sludge production. Under the condition where wastewater treatment with BRN processes has been or will be applied, it seems not necessary to use detergent without phosphate. Phosphate recovery from wastewater treatment can make detergent become a sustainable detergent component. This article describes this situa- tion.