环境损害司法鉴定意见采信标准研究

作为环境司法审判实践的关键环节,环境损害司法鉴定意见是事实判断与法律判断间的纽带。但科学探究与法律辩护是两种不同的认知模式。科学旨在对现象进行分析形成系统的知识;而法律是在有限的期限内对事实问题进行裁决,因此"事实判断""科学判断"与"法律判断"三者之间存在着天然的语言差异。且由于环境资源类司法鉴定的专业性强,鉴定人与法官的知识背景又各不相同,对该领域的知识可能并不了解,这可能会导致科学家(鉴定人)的科学知识不能与法官的法律知识相衔接,鉴定意见中的科学表述不能转化为法庭审判可以采用的关键证据,直接影响环境损害司法鉴定工作效率。为此,应当建立以真实性和充分性为主要类型的证据采信标准作为环境损害鉴定意见采信规则,提高审判质效,确保环境案件审判的科学性和公正性。

Research on admissibility criteria of judicial expertise on environmental damage

As a key link in environmental judicial trial practice,the environmental damage judicial appraisal opinion is the link between fact judgment and legal judgment.But scientific inquiry and legal defense are two different cognitive models:science aims to analyze phenomena to form systematic knowledge;and law is to adjudicate truth issues within a limited period of time.So there are natural language differences among“fact judgment”“scientific judgment”and“legal judgment”.Moreover,due to the strong professionalism of environmental resource judicial appraisal,the knowledge background of appraisers and judges are different.They may not have knowledge of the field.It could lead to situations where the scientific knowledge of the scientist(identifier)cannot be linked to the legal knowledge of the judge.In order to achieve the purpose of improving trial efficiency and ensuring the scientificity and fairness of environmental case trials,the criteria for authenticity of evidence based on authenticity and sufficiency should be established as the rules of acceptance of environmental damage assessment.