欧盟甲烷减排战略对我国碳中和的启示

欧盟于2020年10月出台了《欧盟甲烷减排战略》,以支撑其中长期温室气体减排目标。该战略共提出了五个领域的24个行动方案。欧盟将油气行业作为重点,设置了两个强制性的政策来完善能源部门的温室气体监测、报告和核查制度,并禁止天然气放空和燃烧。农业领域以加强全生命周期甲烷排放核算、减排技术等方面研究,编制最佳减排实践和技术清单为主要措施。在废弃物管理领域,欧盟将主要修订废弃物管理方面的立法和废水处理标准并加强监管。全球层面,欧盟提出希望联合包括中国在内的主要油气进口国家,推动建立全球性的监测、报告和核查标准,分享其甲烷超级排放源探测的卫星数据等措施。我国提出2060碳中和愿景后,下一阶段温室气体减排将会从能源相关二氧化碳减排为主扩展到全部温室气体减排。建议我国和欧盟在甲烷减排方面开展广泛合作,借鉴欧盟的经验,尽快制定我国甲烷减排近期、中期、远期目标和行动计划,推广甲烷减排技术,加强科学研究和技术研发,探索在国家碳市场交易体系中纳入甲烷等非二氧化碳气体的时机和方案,鼓励大型能源企业加入国际甲烷减排倡议以提高能力,逐步完善我国甲烷减排相关政策和制度环境,打造我国在低碳领域的经济和技术竞争力。

European Union Methane Strategy and its implications on China,s 2060 Carbon Neutrality Vision

The European Union(EU) Methane Strategy, launched in October 2020,serves the EU’s medium and long-term greenhouse gas reduction targets.The strategy proposes a total of 24 actions in five areas.In the field of energy, the EU focuses on the oil and gas industry by setting up two compulsory regulations to improve greenhouse gas monitoring, reporting and verification in the energy sector, and to eliminate routine venting and flaring.In the field of agriculture, the main measures are to analyze life-cycle methane emissions metrics, to promote the uptake of mitigation technologies, and to develop an inventory of best practices and available technologies.In the field of waste management, the EU will review the legislation and standards on waste disposal and wastewater treatment and enhance regulation as well.At the global level, the EU will seek to work with major oil and gas importers, including China, to promote the establishment of global monitoring, reporting and verification standards, and to share satellite data on super-emission source detection, etc.After China put forward the 2060 Carbon Neutrality Vision, the next phase of greenhouse gas emission reduction will be extended from energy-related carbon dioxide emission to total greenhouse gas emission.It is suggested that China and EU should cooperate extensively.Drawing on the experience of the EU,China should formulate near, medium and long-term targets and action plans for methane emission reduction as soon as possible, promote mitigation technologies, strengthen scientific and technological research, study the timing and scheme of including methane and other non-carbon dioxide gases into the national carbon trading system, encourage large energy enterprises to join the international methane emission reduction initiative to increase their capacity, gradually improve China’s methane emission reduction policies and institutional environment, and build China’s economic and technological competitiveness in the field of low carbon.