不同类型脱水药剂对底泥固化效果和理化性质的影响

为研究不同类型脱水药剂对疏浚底泥脱水固化等综合作用的效果，以太湖疏浚底泥为对象，选择了微生物类、聚合铁铝盐类、有机聚合物类、有机无机复合类和铝盐微生物复合类这5种类型的复合脱水药剂，以土工管袋固化的方式对疏浚底泥进行为期3个月的固化实验.结果表明，有机聚合物类和有机无机复合类药剂脱水效率较好，1个月后底泥含水率分别降至61.78%和63.26%, 3个月后分别降至40.56%和32.16%.与未固化底泥相比，经过有机无机复合类药剂固化后底泥总氮削减74.82%,达591 mg·kg^-1,主要以铵态氮的减少为主，固化底泥中的磷以铝结合态磷、钙结合态磷和铁结合态磷为主，其中有机无机复合类药剂对活性磷的削减量最大，活性磷含量降至64.3 mg·kg^-1.此外，研究发现有机聚合物类药剂对重金属的固化效果最好，重金属综合生态风险指数降低了51.3%,浸出毒性浓度均远低于标准阈值.有机聚合物类和有机无机复合类药剂对底泥的脱水固化综合效果较好，具有较好的应用前景.

Influence of Different Types of Dewatering Agents on the Solidification Effect and Physical and Chemical Properties of Sediment

In order to study the comprehensive effects of different types of dehydrating agents on the dewatering and solidification of dredged sediments, this study took the dredged sediments of Taihu Lake as the research object and selected microorganisms, polymeric iron aluminum salts, organic polymers, organic-inorganic composites, and aluminum salt microorganisms. These five types of composite dehydrating agents were used to conduct a three-month solidification test on the dredged sediment by means of geotechnical pipe bag solidification. The results of the study showed that the dehydration efficiency of organic polymers and organic-inorganic composite chemicals was better. After one month, the water content of sediment dropped to 61.78% and 63.26%, respectively, which then dropped to 40.56% and 32.16% after three months. Compared with that of the unsolidified sludge, the total nitrogen of the bottom sludge after solidification by the organic-inorganic composite agent was reduced by 74.82%, reaching 591 mg·kg^-1, primarily due to the reduction in ammonia nitrogen. The solid sludge contained mainly aluminum-bound phosphorus, calcium-bound phosphorus, and iron-bound phosphorus. Among them, four groups (organic-inorganic composite) had the largest reduction in active phosphorus, with the lowest being 64.3 mg·kg^-1. In addition, organic polymer agents had the best curing effect on heavy metals, the comprehensive ecological risk index of heavy metals was reduced by 51.3%, and the leaching toxicity concentration was far below the standard threshold. This study showed that organic polymers and organic-inorganic composite medicaments have a better effect on the dehydration and solidification of bottom sludge and thus have good application prospects.