Control Strategy Optimization for Attainment and Exposure Mitigation: Case Study for Ozone in Macon, Georgia |
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Authors: | Daniel S Cohan Di Tian Yongtao Hu Armistead G Russell |
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Institution: | (1) School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, USA;(2) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, USA;(3) Present address: Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 4244 International Parkway, Suite 120, Atlanta, GA 30354, USA |
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Abstract: | Implementation of more stringent 8-hour ozone standards has led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to designate nonattainment
status to 474 counties nationwide, many of which had never previously violated air quality standards. As states select emission
control measures to achieve attainment in these regions, their choices pose significant implications to local economies and
the health of their citizens. Considering a case study of one such nonattainment region, Macon, Georgia, we develop a menu
of potential controls that could be implemented locally or in neighboring parts of the state. The control menu offers the
potential to control about 20–35% of ozone precursor emissions in most Georgia regions, but marginal costs increase rapidly
beyond 15–20%. We link high-order ozone sensitivities with the control menu to identify cost-optimized strategies for achieving
attainment and for alternative goals such as reducing spatially averaged or population-weighted ozone concentrations. Strategies
targeted toward attainment of Macon ozone would prioritize local reductions of nitrogen oxides, whereas controls in the more
densely populated Atlanta region are shown to be more effective for reducing statewide potential population exposure to ozone.
A U.S. EPA-sanctioned approach for demonstrating ozone attainment with photochemical models is shown to be highly dependent
on the choice of a baseline period and may not foster optimal strategies for assuring attainment and protecting human health. |
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Keywords: | Air pollution Attainment strategies Photochemical modeling Atmospheric sensitivity analysis Ozone Cost optimization |
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