海洋低氧区的微生物效应研究进展

低氧区（oxygen minimum zones，OMZs）是海洋中的溶解氧含量极低的一种特殊生境，广泛分布在世界各地的远洋或近海，低氧会对其生态系统功能以及沿岸的经济发展产生影响，严重时会引发物种灭绝。由于低氧使得该区域内几乎没有多细胞生物，其内部的元素循环几乎都是靠微生物驱动，微生物在其中的地位至关重要。本文首先简述了低氧区的形成机制以及影响低氧区形成与发展的因素，而后综述了其中的微生物为了适应环境变化而进化出独特的呼吸方式，低氧区对微生物最直接的影响，造成了微生物群落结构和功能活性不同于富氧环境，并将本部分归纳为微生物学效应。对低氧区微生物的研究复杂且具有挑战，但为我们更好地认识微生物在环境中的适应性、多样性和进化提供了特殊的通道，对于完善我们对生物地球化学循环的理解具有重要意义。

Research advances in microbial effects in marine oxygen minimum zones

Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) were special habitats with very low dissolved oxygen content in the ocean.They were widely distributed in oceans or offshore areas around the world.Low level oxygen could damage ecosystem functions and affect economic development along the coast.In severe cases, they could lead to species extinction.Due to the low oxygen, there was almost no multicellular organism in the region, the internal elemental circulation was almost driven by microorganisms entirely, so the position of microorganisms was crucial.This paper first briefly described the formation mechanism of OMZs and the factors affected the formation and development of them, and then reviewed the unique respiratory patterns of microbes in order to adapt to the environmental change.The most direct impact of OMZs on microorganisms was that they formed community structures and functional activities different from the oxygen-rich environment, and this part was summarized as microbial effects.The study of microorganisms in OMZs was complex and challenging, at the same time, it provided a special way for us to understand the adaptability, diversity and evolution of microorganisms in the environment better.It had a great significance to improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycle.