山东沿海赤潮灾害基本特征及防控对策建议

基于1952年－2017年山东省沿海赤潮事件的统计资料，对赤潮灾害的时间变化、空间分布及原因种构成等基本特征进行系统分析。结果表明:山东沿海最常发规模<10 km2、单相型的无毒甲藻（Pyrrophyta）赤潮；赤潮暴发多集中在5月－9月；东营黄河口、莱州湾中西部、长岛近海、烟台四十里湾、青岛胶州湾及前海、日照东港近海为易发赤潮灾害的海域；最频发的赤潮生物为夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans），其暴发次数和暴发面积均远高于其他种类；新世纪以来，有毒赤潮和双相型赤潮占比显著增加，赤潮生物种类明显增多。针对山东沿海赤潮灾害表征特点，提出了提高赤潮监控信息化水平、开展赤潮灾害风险评估与区划、推动海洋生态环境综合治理的防控对策建议。

The basic characteristics and prevention countermeasures of red tide in Shandong coast waters

Based on historical records of red tides from 1952 to 2017, and according to the analysis of their temporal, spatial, and biological variation, the basic characteristics of red tides in Shandong coastal waters are studied with preventive countermeasures proposed. Non-toxic dinoflagellate blooms are frequently observed with a scale less than 10 km2 in shandong coast waters. The incidence of red tides is high from May to September and most events occur in the Yellow River Estuary, midwest of Laizhou Bay, Changdao offshore waters, Sishili Bay, Donggang offshore waters, Jiaozhou Bay and the Qingdao coast. Compared with other species, Noctiluca scintillans is frequently found. However, new causative organisms have been identified and the proportion of toxic and biphasic red tides has also increased since 2000. In order to prevent red tides, the level of information monitoring should be improved, risk assessments carried out and comprehensive management of the marine environment promoted.