雾过程对北京市大气颗粒物理化特征的影响

为了解北京市雾中发生的气溶胶物理化学过程,分别在雾和非雾期间采集了大气颗粒物样品,并使用扫描电子显微镜和x-射线能谱仪分析了所采集的大气颗粒物的微观形貌、粒度分布和化学组成.晴天低污染期间采集的样品中单个颗粒物主要由一次排放的碳粒聚集体和球形飞灰组成;沙尘期间主要由矿物颗粒和碳粒聚集体组成;而在雾期间则出现了大量的由液相反应生成的长条状Ca-K-S颗粒以及主要由硫酸盐所组成的似圆状颗粒.本研究中,雾期间大气中0.2 μm以上颗粒物的数浓度较晴天低污染期间高5～8倍.此外,非雾期间大气颗粒物数浓度随着粒度的增加而降低,而雾期间则在0.4μm附近出现了新模态.结果表明,雾中活跃的大气非均相反应极大地改变了颗粒物的形貌、化学组成、粒度分布等特性.

Influence of Fog Processes on Characteristics of Individual Particles in the Urban Atmosphere of Beijing

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fog processes on the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles in an urban atmosphere. Atmospheric particles were collected in the urban atmosphere of Beijing during fog and non-fog episodes. The morphology, size and elemental composition of individual particles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). EDX analysis showed that elongated particles were composed of Ca-K-S or Ca-S, and most sub-round particles contained sulfur. Large amounts of elongated and sub-round particles were identified in the samples collected during fog episodes, and they were rarely detected in the samples collected during non-fog episodes. This suggests that the high relative humidity in the fogs facilitated the formation of elongated and sub-round particles. Number concentrations of particles larger than 0.2 microm were about 5 to 8 times higher during the fog episodes. In addition, a new mode around 0.4 microm appeared in number size distribution of particles during the fog episodes. These results indicate that heterogeneous reactions in the fogs could greatly change the chemical and physical properties of particles.