不同填料类型污染源水生物预处理的比较

中国南方水质性缺水地区污染广泛采用生物预处理工艺净化污染水源,微生物载体以固定式填料和流化型填料为主.为考察2种类型填料的运行效能和微型生物多样性,以长江三角洲地区的污染源水为例,利用现场生产性试验和连续流中试研究了半软性弹性立体填料和悬浮填料的主要污染物去除效能、填料的积泥和冲洗、微型动物的生长和分布规律.研究结果表明,夏秋季相同源水水质和运行参数等条件下,悬浮填料和弹性填料对NH3-N的平均去除率分别为80%和65%左右, CODMn的去除率分别为18%和16%左右;悬浮填料上的微型动物种类和数量均低于固定式弹性立体填料,且少见群居性微型动物.生产性装置运行结果表明,源水水质相对较差的条件下,悬浮填料对NH3-N和CODMn的去除率分别比弹性填料高5%~10%;悬浮填料没有出现群居性微型动物大量生长现象,无需定期反冲洗;固定式弹性填料的某些区域出现苔藓虫等群居性微型动物大量生长现象,且积泥严重,需定期反冲洗,甚至使用高压水枪强制冲洗.流化型悬浮填料更有利于污染源水生物预处理工程应用.

Comparative investigation of polluted raw water biological pretreatment with two kinds of packings

Biological pre-treatment has been widely used in pollution-induced water shortage areas in south China,in this process,the microbial carrier are mainly suspended packing and elastic packing.In order to investigate the efficiency and micro biodiversity of the two packing,taking the micro-polluted raw water of Yangtze River Delta for example,researches had been done on the pollution removal ability,mud accumulation and flushing,the growth and distribution of microfauna of the two packing through full-scale test and pilot test.The results showed that,on the base of same water resource and same operation parameter in Summer and Autumn,the average ammoniacal nitrogen removal rate of the suspended packing and the elastic packing were about 80% and 65%,the average CODMn removal rate were about 18% and 16%;the species and quantity of microfauna on the suspended packing were less than that of the elastic one,and the social type microfauna could rarely be found.The full-scale experiment showed that,when the water quality was poor,the ammoniacal nitrogen and CODMn removal rate of the suspended packing were higher than that of the elastic one by 5%-10%;the mass growth of social type microfauna on the suspended packing never happened,and regular backwash was unnecessary;while the mass growth of bryozoan happened in some areas of the elastic packing,and its mud accumulation was severe and need backwash regularly,sometimes water blast gun was even used.So the suspended packing is fit for the biological pre-treatment of the micro-polluted raw water.