新疆且末地区沙尘暴过程中空气细菌群落结构变化的比较

采集新疆且末地区沙尘暴空气微生物样品，揭示沙尘暴前期、中期和后期细菌多样性和群落结构差异，为沙尘暴灾害预警提供依据.采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术，研究其菌群组成、丰度、优势菌群及与环境因子的相关性.新疆且末地区沙尘暴空气样品中共获得740364条有效序列，聚类为156个可操作分类单元（Operational Taxononmic Units），包括9个门，87个属.门水平上，丰度最高为变形菌门（Proteobacteria，80.52%），其次为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes，20.96%）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria，5.84%）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes，2.63%）；在属水平上，优势属为不动杆菌属（Actinobacteria）、假单胞菌属（Pseuodomonas）、鞘氨醇宝盒菌属（Sphingobacterium）、海洋杆菌属（Ponibacter）.沙尘暴中期空气细菌的Chao 1（135.013）、ACE（130.424）、Shannon（2.614）指数均高于沙尘暴前期和沙尘暴后期空气细菌多样性数值（p<0.01）.沙尘暴空气细菌主成分分析表明，不同时期的细菌群落组成差异显著.冗余分析表明，湿度和气压可能与沙尘暴空气细菌多样性呈正相关，与经度、维度、海拔和温度呈负相关.新疆且末地区沙尘暴中蕴藏着丰富的细菌资源，沙尘暴前中后期空气微生物菌落结构和物种多样性差异显著.

Comparison of air bacterial community structure changes during sand and dust storms in Qimo area, Xinjiang

The dynamic changes in bacterial diversity and community structure in the early, middle and late stages of the sandstorm in Qiemo area of Xinjiang were revealed by collecting airborne microbial samples of sandstorms, which provided a basis for early warning of sandstorms. 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study its flora composition, abundance, dominant flora and its correlation with environmental factors. A total of 740364 effective sequences were obtained from sandstorm air samples in Qimo Xinjiang and clustered into 156 operational taxononmic units, 9 phyla and 87 genera. At the phylum level, the highest abundance is Proteobacteria (80.52%), followed by Bacteroidetes (20.96%), Actinobacteria (5.84%), and Firmicutes (2.63%); At the genus level, the dominant genera are Actinobacteria, Pseuodomonas, Sphingobacterium and Ponibacter. The Chao 1 (135.013), ACE (130.424), and Shannon (2.614) indexes of air bacteria in the middle of the sandstorm were higher than those in the early and late stages (p<0.01). The analysis of principal components of airborne bacteria in sandstorms showed that there were significant differences in bacterial community composition in different periods. Redundancy analysis showed that humidity and air pressure may be positively correlated with the diversity of airborne bacteria in sandstorms, and negatively correlated with longitude, latitude, altitude and temperature. There are abundant bacterial resources in the sandstorms in the Qiemo area of Xinjiang. The air microbial colony structure and species diversity before, during and after the sandstorms are significantly different.