长江经济带城市土地价格空间分异特征及其影响因素

以2016年长江经济带129个城市的土地出让平均单价为基本数据,采用趋势分析与空间自相关分析探索长江经济带城市土地价格的空间分布和关联特征,并运用在分析共线性因素方面具有优势的地理探测器模型来测算长江经济带及其东、中、西部三大区域子市场中各地价影响因素的强弱差异,进一步探讨区域内城市地价空间分异的形成机制。结果表明:(1)以长江经济带城市地价分级为统计依据,城市数量与城镇人口呈现出中间大两头小的"纺锤型"等级分布;(2)长江经济带城市地价的行政等级差异明显,地价水平按"直辖市—副省级城市—非副省级省会城市—地级市—地级州"逐级递减;(3)从整体来看,长江经济带城市地价在东西方向上呈现出东部高、中西部低的趋势,在南北方向上呈现近江区域高、远江区域低的"倒U型"结构。从局部来看,长三角城市群高值聚集、武汉城市圈高低异质等空间聚集和异质的特征丰富;(4)影响东、中、西部城市地价空间分异的主导因素各不相同。房地产开发投资、第三产业增加值与城镇常住人口对东部地区地价的影响较大;第三产业增加值是中部地区地价分异的核心因素,城市等级的作用也在中部凸显;西部地区地价主要受到城市等级、第二产业增加值与城镇常住人口的影响。

Spatial Differentiation Patterns and Influencing Factors of Urban Land Prices in Yangtze River Economic Belt

The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial pattern and formation mechanism of urban land prices in Yangtze River Economic Belt. Trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were applied to reveal the spatial differentiation and correlation characteristic. Furthermore, the driving factors of urban land price in the whole area and its sub-markets were discovered by using geographical detector. The main results as following: (1) The number of cities and urban population showed a fusiform-ranked distribution in Yangtze Economic Belt based on the classification of land price; (2) There was a disparity among cities of different administrative scales, the higher the administrative scale, the higher the land price; (3) From an overall perspective, the urban land prices showed high in the eastern area and low in the central and western area. The distribution of urban land prices showed an “inverted U-shaped” structure from north to south. In other words, the higher urban land prices were closer to the Yangtze River. From a regional point of view, there are abundant features of agglomeration and heterogeneity, such as H-H cluster in Yangtze River Delta Agglomeration and H-L cluster in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration; (4) The dominant affecting factors of three regional sub-markets of Yangtze River Economic Belt were different. The investment in real estate, the value-added of tertiary industry, and urban population had significant effects on the land prices in Eastern area. In central area, the core factor of the spatial variation of land prices was the value-added of tertiary industry. Meanwhile, the role of administrative grade became prominent. The spatial differentiation pattern of land prices in western area was formed by the administrative grade, the value-added of secondary industry, and urban population.