基于选择实验法的三峡屏障区居民生态补偿支付意愿研究

三峡屏障区环保整治中利益相关者对生态补偿政策的反应情形,是有效构筑长江中上游生态屏障的内生动力。基于该区域重点移民县中608名居民的调查数据,运用选择实验法,分析了该区域特有主体(原住民和水库移民)对植被覆盖率、水土流失、水体质量、生物多样性、旅游景观等环保属性及其组合方案的接受与支付意愿。研究表明:经济条件不同的原住民与移民均具有较强的生态意识,但迫于发展的压力未能有效地转化为环保行为;两类群体在库区生态修复中更重视植被改善与水源涵养(104.93元),而对可持续发展所需的物种保护和旅游景观(30.88元)关注较少;移民与原住民愿意支付的最佳方案为优先恢复植被并进行水土保持(方案5),但前者(392.97元)的支付水平是后者(128.02元)的3倍;后靠安置的移民从屏障区中未能获得足够的生态资源支持,再次进行生态移民可能比单一的生态补偿更有效率。

Analysis of the People’s Willingness to Pay for Ecological Compensation in the Three Gorges Barrier Area Based on the Choice Experiments

The response of stakeholders to the ecological compensation policy in the environmental protection renovation of the Three Gorges Barrier Area is the endogenous motive force to effectively construct the ecological barrier in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on the survey data of 608 residents in key emigration counties in the region, the acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the environmental protection attributes such as vegetation coverage, soil erosion, water quality, biodiversity, tourism landscape and their combination schemes of the special subjects (indigenous people and reservoir resettlers) in the region were analyzed by means of Choice Experiments. The results show that both aborigines and resettlers with different economic conditions have strong ecological awareness, but they failed to effectively transform into environmental protection behavior under the pressure of development; the two groups pay more attention to vegetation improvement and water conservation in ecological restoration of reservoir area (104.93 yuan), but pay less attention to species protection and tourism landscape (30.88 yuan) needed for sustainable development; the best combination that immigrants and aborigines are willing to pay is to restore vegetation and conserve soil and water (Plan 5), but the payment level of the former (392.97 yuan) is three times that of the latter (128.02 yuan); the resettlers cannot get enough ecological resources support from the barrier area, so it may be more efficient than a single ecological compensation.