东莞市饮用水源地中抗生素分布特征及风险评价

由于抗生素被频繁和大量使用,从而对生态环境和人类造成潜在风险,研究其在水体中的分布特征及评估其对生态和人类造成的风险具有重要意义.基于此,本文对东莞市饮用水源地11个采样点进行样品采集,采用固相萃取对样品进行前处理,利用液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪对45种抗生素浓度水平进行检测并分析其分布特征;同时,结合主成分分析和Pearson相关性分析阐述饮用水源地中抗生素可能的污染来源,并采用生态风险商值(RQ)和人体健康风险商值(HQ)对水样中抗生素进行风险评价.结果表明,本次检测中共有34种抗生素在评估样点中被检出,检出频率占总目标抗生素的75.6%,检出抗生素浓度范围为ND(未检出)～143.94 ng·L~(-1),浓度最高的是竹桃霉素.东莞市饮用水源地主成分的累积贡献率为63.5%,磺胺嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、培氟沙星、卡巴多等污染物的来源可能与污水处理厂有关,对生态环境造成高风险的抗生素排序为:克拉霉素新生霉素诺氟沙星,其中,克拉霉素的RQ值最高达到4.78,出现在石龙西湖水厂水源地中,新生霉素的平均RQ值为1.15.不同年龄段的人群健康风险评价结果显示,检出的抗生素对人体未构成风险,但仍应对抗生素累积效应带来的潜在风险给予重视.

Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics in drinking water source in Dongguan

Due to the frequent and extensive use of antibiotics, potential risk have posed to the ecological environment and human. It is of great significance to study its distribution characteristics in water bodies and assess its risk on ecology and human beings. In this paper, the drinking water sample in Dongguan from 11 evaluation sites were collected to investigate the concentrations and distribution of 45 antibiotics in the region using solid phase extraction combined with RRLC-MS/MS. The principal component analysis and pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the sources of antibiotics, and the potential risks of antibiotics were evaluated by the methods of ecological risk quotient (RQ) and human health risk quotient (HQ). Results showed that a total of 35 antibiotics, accounting for 75.6% of all target antibiotics, were detected in the evaluation samples with a concentration level ranged between ND (undetected)~143.94 ng·L^-1 and the highest concentration was oleandomycin. The cumulative contribution rate of the main components was 63.5%, and the pollution sources of sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, pefloxacin, and carbadox were initially established in connection with sewage treatment plants. The ecological risk assessment indicated that the high-risk antibiotics were clarithromycin > novobiocin > norfloxacin, and RQ value of clarithromycin could reach up to 4.78, which appeared in Shilong west lake, and the average RQ value of novobiocin was 1.15. Health risk assessment of people in different ages indicated that the detected antibiotics posed no risk to human body, but it should still attract attention to the potential risk caused by the cumulative effect.