环境监测主动适应生态文明建设新特征的路径

简述了环境保护新特征的系统诊断,指出面对环境保护呈现的新特征,环境监测管理及建设存在环境监测的各项技术、标准、规范、管理措施滞后于社会经济基本现代化的发展要求,体制机制滞后于环境保护的发展要求,服务能力滞后于公共服务的需求,质量管理滞后于严格的环境管理需求等问题。提出,应从传统的环境监测向资源环境承载力监测预警转变,从条块管理向垂直管理的体制转变,从监测信息相对封闭向监测信息主动公开转变,由单纯依靠自身监测向依靠各部门和全社会监测转变,从污染物总量监测为主向污染物总量,环境质量监测并重转变,从实验室质控为主向全过程质控转变,从以生态,环境为核心的环境监测向以人为本的环境监测转变。

Adaption of Environmental Monitoring to a Path of the New Characteristics of Ecological Civilization Construction

This paper summarized the system diagnosis of the new characteristics of environmental protection, and pointed out that technology, standards, norms, and management measurements of environmental monitoring have lagged behind the requirements of social and economic development when we faced the new characteristics of environmental protection. Moreover, other problems also existed in this process, for example, the institutional mechanisms lagged behind the development demands of environmental protection, and service capacity lagged behind the needs of public services, and quality management lagged behind the strict requirements of environmental management. Therefore, it is suggested that monitoring systems should be changed from the traditional environmental monitoring to the monitoring of carrying capacity of resources and environment. Also, the institutional management systems should be changed from the block to plumb, and the monitoring information will take an initiative to transform from relative confidentiality to publicity. Thereby, the monitoring relying on their own solely will face to depend on the various departments and the whole society. We advocate that the monitoring of total pollutant will change to monitoring both of total pollutant and environmental quality, and the quality control will change from laboratory to the whole process. In particular, the environmental monitoring as the core of ecology and environment will change to people oriented environmental monitoring.