对滇池流域山水林田湖草一体化保护和系统治理的思考

滇池是“九五”时期以来我国重点治理的“三河三湖”之一，经过30年治理，水质明显改善，水生态系统演变趋势向好。然而目前，滇池流域“山水林田湖草”系统治理格局还未完全形成，流域生态系统韧性不足，水环境质量正处于进一步改善的瓶颈期。为探索滇池治理的未来发展路径，本文系统总结了前期滇池治理历程与成效，诊断了存在的主要问题，分析了滇池流域自然—社会复合生态系统特征，提出了滇池流域山水林田湖草一体化保护和系统治理的思路、目标、空间布局和重点任务，以期为新时期滇池流域水生态环境保护提供指导，也为其他城市型重污染湖泊流域从水污染防治向水生态保护的转变提供借鉴。

Considerations on the Integrated Protection and Systematic Conservation of Mountain-Water-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland System in Dianchi Lake Basin

Dianchi Lake is one of the“three rivers and three lakes” that China has focused on since the 9th Five-Year Plan period. After 30 years of treatment, the water quality has improved significantly, and the evolution trend of the water ecosystem has improved. However, at present, the governance pattern of“mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grassland system” in the Dianchi Lake basin has not been fully formed, the resilience of the basin ecosystem is insufficient, and the water environment quality is currently in a bottleneck period of further improvement. In order to explore the future development path of the Dianchi Lake governance, the process and effectiveness of Dianchi Lake management in the early stage were systematically summarized, the main problems were diagnosed, and the characteristics of natural and social complex ecosystem in Dianchi Lake Basin were analyzed. The ideas, objectives, spatial layout and key tasks of integrated protection and systematic management of“mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grassland system” in the Dianchi Lake basin were put forward, which provides guidance for the ecological environment protection of the Dianchi Lake basin in the new era, and also provides reference for the transformation from water pollution prevention to water ecological protection in other urban heavily polluted lake basins.