暴恐事件下机场航站楼疏散能力研究

为解决暴恐事件下机场航站楼人员疏散的应急管理问题,采用解释结构模型(ISM)法与决策试验和评价实验室法(DEMATEL),剖析各影响因素之间的关联关系,并筛选出影响人员疏散能力的关键因素,依据相关标准、规定及暴恐事件的严重程度、可控性和应急疏散范围等因素,提出航站楼暴恐事件下人员应急疏散预警等级划分标准。结果表明:建筑结构、安全设施、暴恐事件、年龄、应急准备、疏散通道、环境的熟悉程度和现场状态对其他疏散能力影响因素的影响程度较大;受其他疏散能力因素的综合影响程度较大的主要有速度、疏散引导、应急救援、人群视角、疏散距离、安全设施、暴恐事件和疏散通道;影响人员疏散能力的关键因素主要有疏散引导、速度、应急救援、安全设施、暴恐事件、建筑结构、人群视角和疏散距离;影响人员疏散能力的原因因素按重要性排序为:建筑结构、年龄、环境的熟悉程度、安全设施、现场状态、性别、暴恐事件和应急准备。

Study on evacuation ability of airport terminals to violent terrorist attacks

In order to address emergency evacuation of personnel in airport terminals in the event of violent terrorist attacks,relationship between various influencing factors was analyzed by using ISM method and decisio-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL).And key factors affecting personnel evacuation ability were screened out.Then,classification standards of warning levels for emergency evacuation were put forward according to relevant standards,regulations,severity and controllability of attacks and emergency evacuation area.The results show that building structure,safety facilities,violent terrorist attacks,age,emergency preparedness,evacuation channel,environment familiarity and on-site status have great influence on other factors of evacuation capacity.Those that are greatly affected by other factors are mainly speed,evacuation guidance,emergency rescue,crowd's angle,evacuation distance,safety facilities,violent terrorist attacks and evacuation channels.The key influencing factors are evacuation guidance,speed,emergency rescue,safety facilities,violent and terrorist attacks,building structure,crowd's angle and evacuation distance.And attribution causes that affect evacuation ability rank in order of importance as building structure,age,familiarity with environment,safety facilities,site condition,gender,violent terrorist attacks and emergency preparedness.