山东省地下水位下降引发的灾害及减灾对策

近二十年来山东省经济迅速发展与水资源匮乏的矛盾不断加剧。超量开采地下水导致地下水位持续的急剧下降，其结果引发了地裂缝、地面塌陷、海（咸）水入侵、生态环境恶化等一系列人为自然灾害。本文分析了这些灾害的基本特征并指出解决水资源不足是促进山东省经济持续高速发展并减轻地下水位下降灾害的根本措施。

THE DISASTERS INDUCED BY LOWERING OF GROUNDWATER TABLE AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR DISASTERS REDUCTION IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

With the rapid development of economy and severe shortage of water resource during past 20 years in Shandong Province, overextraction of the groundwater has being resulted in a sharp lowering of the groundwater level, inducing a series of man-made disasters such as ground fissures, ground collapse, intrusion of sea (salt) water and deterioration of ecologic environment. This paper analyzed basic characteristics of the disasters, and pointed out that the solution for shortage of water resource is the foundational measure to promote the economical development continuously of Shandong Province, and to reduce the disasters induced by lowering of groundwater table.