上海滩涂春季鸻形目鸟类群落及围垦后生境选择

上海市位于长江口,拥有大量可开发的滩涂资源,但是由于不合理的开发方式,滩涂景观和生物群落发生改变。在2004年春季,鸻形目鸟类迁徙中转停留时,实地调查位于上海东部沿岸的10个调查点,研究滩涂生境指标与鸻形目鸟类群落关系。此次观察到的鸻形目鸟类有13种,优势种有尖尾滨鹬和黑腹滨鹬,而20年前的类似调查则观察到23种,优势种为黑腹滨鹬、细嘴滨鹬和红颈滨鹬。通过分析滩涂结构、植被分布与鸻形目鸟类群落之间的关系发现鸻形目鸟类对生境选择中,滩涂结构完整度、藨草带和光滩带的宽度、周边景观的多样性、人为干扰程度都是影响鸻形目鸟类栖息地选择的关键因子。最后,分析了鸻形目鸟类群落与栖息地景观的关系,并就如何改善围垦堤内的生态环境提出一些建议。

SURVEY ON SHORE BIRDS COMMUNITY AND THEIR HABITAT IN SHANGHAI TIDAL FLAT IN SPRING

Shanghai is located in the Changjiang Estuary,where there are a lot of tidal flats.But as unsustainable development,reclamation has caused the change of some habitat factors and vegetable community.In spring,2004,during shorebird migratory season,a survey on the shorebird community and tidal flat environment was carried out in 10 research sites along the coastline.In this survey,13 species shorebirds were observed;Calidris acuminata and Calidris alpina were dominant species.However,in 1984,the similar research had recorded 23 species with C.alpina,C.canutus and Calidris ruficollis being the dominant.In addition,based on the analysis of the relationship among tidal flat structure,vegetable distribution and shorebird community,the result showed that tidal flat integrity,length of bulrush zone and algae saline zone,landscape diversity,human disturbance are the four key factors for shorebird to select habitats.Finally,the article analyzed the relationship between shorebird community and habitat landscape,and suggestions were proposed for ecological restoration.