梅州城区植物群落的结构特征

2009年4—10月，采用群落调查法、主成分分析法对梅州城区5种绿地类型65个种植的植物群落进行研究，结果表明：1）各类植物共计43科105属147种（含变种），其中乔木62种（42．17％）、灌木45种（30．61％）、草本植物31种（21．09％）、藤本植物9种（6．12％）；2）群落垂直结构为乔、灌、草3层复合结构者9个（13．85％），为乔、草2层结构者34个（52．31％），乔或草单层结构者12个（18．46％）；3）乔木树种平均胸径16．7cm，其中平均胸径〈10cm者23种（37．09％），平均胸径10～20cm者29种（46．77％），平均胸径20～30cm、〉30Cm者分别为5种（均为8．06％）；4）梅州城区植物群落结构的特征，可用乔木高度因子、胸径因子、密度因子及冠幅因子来表述，这4个主因子的方差累积贡献率达到81．55％，可以很好地反映出群落结构的大部分信息；5）梅州市城区乔木层的优势树种是垂榕、大叶榕、大王椰子，次优势种是阿珍榄仁、阴香、海南蒲桃、细叶榕、木棉、麻楝、香樟、洋紫荆，这11个树种分属桑科、棕榈科、使君子科·、樟科、桃金娘科、木棉科、楝科、豆科（云实科），它们是梅州城市森林的骨干树种和基调树种，决定了梅州城市森林的南亚热带性质的外貌。

Structure Characteristics of Plant Community in Meizhou City

There were 65 artificial plant communities belonging to the 5 types of green space in Meizhou City, which were analysed with the sample investigation and principal component analysis from April to October 2009. The results showed： 1） There were 147 species, 105 genera and 43 families, of which arbors had 62 species（42.17% ）, shrubs had 45 species（30.61%）, herbs had 31 species（21.09% ） and vines had 9 species （6. 12% ）. 2） There were 9（13.85% ） three- layer structures of arbors, shrubs and herbs, 34 （52. 31% ） two- layer structures, and 12 （ 18.46% ） monolayer structures of arbors or herbs in the surveyed 65 artificial plant communities. 3 ） The average DBH of 62 species of arbors were 16.7cm, of which the average DBH 〈 10cm had 23 species（37.09% ）, the average DBH 10 - 20 cm had 29 species（46.77% ）, and of which the average DBH 20 - 30 cm or 〉 30cm respectively had 5 species （respectively 8.06% ）. 4） Structure characteristics of plant communities in Meizhou City were well indicated by the 4 factors such as height, DBH, density and the crown of arbor layer, the 4 main factors＇ variance cumulative percentage already achieved 81.55%, and they may well reflect the majority of information about plant community structure. 5 ） The dominant species of arbor layer were Ficus benjamina, F. lacor, Roystonea regia. The sub-dominant species were Terminalia arjuna , Cinnamomum burmannii , Syzygium cuminii , F. microcarpa , Bombax malabaricum , Chukrasia tabularis , C. camphora and Bauhinia blakeana , the 11 species belonged separately to Moraceae , Arecaceae , Combretaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Bombacaceae, Meliaceae, Leguminosae（ Caesalpiniaceae ） , an accordatura tree species of urban forest in Meizhou City, and finally determined the south subtropical appearance of plant flora of urban forest.