陕西大柳塔煤矿复垦地植被群落与土壤因子的关系

以陕北风沙区大柳塔煤矿的复垦地为研究对象,通过样方调查与土壤采集,调查复垦地人工植被的种类与多样性,并运用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了物种分布与土壤因子之间的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区内共发现植被11科20属21种。草本植被在区内占优势,其中豆科、菊科和藜科植被占种数的47.63%;草本植被以多年生为主,占调查种数的52.38%。(2)物种多样性测度表明,Simpon多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou均匀度指数均是草地>灌丛>林地;Simpon优势度指数的变化则是林地>灌丛>草地,说明人工草地的物种多样性最高,其次为灌丛,林地最低。(3)CCA排序结果显示,土壤有机质和粗沙含量是制约研究区人工植被分布的主要因子。此外,土壤中0~20 cm粘粉粒含量影响草本植被的分布;而40~60cm的土壤含水量对乔、灌木的分布影响显著。

Relationship between Restored Vegetation Community and Soil Factors in Daliuta Coal Mine,Shanxi Province

Vegetation restoration is one of the effective methods to recover ecosystem for coal mine. Based on the sample plot and soil sampling, we researched restored vegetation in Daliuta coal mine of windy desert area, north of the Shaanxi Province, China. The species and diversity of different artificial vegetation of Daliuta coal mine were also investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between soil factors and distribution of restored vegetation was explored by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Results show that (1) In Daliuta coal mine, 21 kinds of vegetation were discovered which belong to 11 families and 20 genera. The dominant species is herbaceous vegetation, of which Fabaceae, Asteracae and Chenopodiaceae plants accounting for 47.63% of the total numbers of vegetation, respectively. And the mount of perennial herbs is 52.38% of the total vegetation. (2) Calculating for species diversity of different restored vegetation, we found that, in Daliuta coal mine, the changes of Simpon index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index are in the order of grassland > shrub > forest. However, the tendency of Simpon dominance index is in the order as forest > shrub > grassland. From the richness index, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index, the highest one in species diversity is grassland, followed by shrub, and forest is the lowest one among the three types of restored vegetation. (3) From the CCA analysis, the main soil factors restrict the distribution of vegetation are soil organic matter and soil coarse sand content of Daliuta coal mine. In addition, the distribution pattern of herb is closely related to the content of silt and clay of soil at depth of 0~20cm. And soil moisture at depth of 40~60cm has a strictly influence on the distribution of arbor and shrub.