高硫油炼制企业H_2S中毒风险分析

随着企业炼油规模不断扩大及原油中含硫量不断提高,炼油企业中H2S中毒事故风险迅速增大。在对高硫油炼制企业H2S的分布及危险源状况分析的基础上,指出炼油企业存在两类H2S危险源,即含有H2S的气体和含有H2S的酸性水,炼油装置产出含H2S的气体中H2S含量一般在1%～92%,酸性水中H2S含量一般在0.01%～4.0%;介绍了不同H2S浓度等级的空气可对人产生的毒性危害后果,H2S在空气中数分钟内致人死亡的浓度为1500mg/m3;对炼油企业重大酸性气泄漏事故、酸性水泄漏事故进行定量毒性危害计算和分析,给出H2S毒性危害低危区、高危区及迅速致死区达到的下风距离及覆盖的区域面积,重大酸性气、酸性水泄漏事故迅速致死浓度可达到下风距离分别为300m和89m;指出H2S中毒已成为高硫油炼制企业的重大风险,应该加强安全措施,重点防控。

Analysis on the risk of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in high-sulfur oil refining enterprises

With the expanding of oil refinery production scale in enterprises and the increasing of the sulfur content in crude oil, the risk level of hydrogen sulfide poisoning rapidly increases. The distribution of hydrogen sulfide concentration and hazard source conditions in high-sulfur oil refining enterprises were analyzed. The results showed there were two types of hydrogen sulfide hazard＂ sources in refinery enterprises, that is, the gas and acid water which contained the hydrogen sulfide. Generally, in them, the hydrogen sulfide concentration is 1 -92% and 0. 01 -4% respectively. The toxicity harmfulness to humans of air with different hydrogen sulfide concentration levels was described. In the air, if the concentration of hydrogen sulfide reaches 1500mg/m3, the hydrogen sulfide will cause death within several minutes. The quantitative calculation and analysis on toxicity hazard of major acid gas and water leakage in refining enterprises were carried out. The calculation results showed the different downwind distance and coverage area of low-risk areas, high-risk areas and rapid death areas of hydrogen sulfide toxicity. The downwind distance of rapid death concentration is 300m and 89m respectively for major acid gas and water leakage. The hydrogen sulfide poisoning has become a major hazard in high-sulfur oil refining enterprises, so safety measures should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence of hydrogen sulfide poisoning accidents.